Dichlorodifluoromethane

Status: No national drinking water standard exists

Dichlorodifluoromethane (Freon-12) is a refrigerant, solvent and aerosol propellant banned in 2000 under the Montreal Protocol because of its ozone-depleting properties. Freons can cause heart, nervous system and liver damage.

2017-2019:

FOUND

states detected

utilities detected

2.3 million

people served

Health concerns for dichlorodifluoromethane

Harm to the liver

Change to the central nervous system

Harm to the heart and blood vessels

States reporting dichlorodifluoromethane in drinking water

	UTILITIES WITH CONTAMINATION
State	Utilities	People Served
California		16	1,779,274
New York		26	431,223
Alabama		1	38,700
Massachusetts		3	31,066
Ohio		4	23,624
Wisconsin		8	20,921
Idaho		1	14,125
Delaware		1	6,422
Washington		4	2,897
Nebraska		1	1,171
New Hampshire		1	228
Vermont		1	45
Rhode Island		1	33

LESS

Utilities with the highest amounts of dichlorodifluoromethane, 2017-2019

ALL UTILITIES

LARGE UTILITIES

Utility	Location	Tests	Average level	People served
The Meadows	Greene, ME	1 of 1	2.50 ppb	33
California Water Service (CWS) - North Garden*	San Jose, CA	7 of 43	1.74 ppb	24,167
Meridian Heights Water District	Port Orchard, WA	2 of 2	1.35 ppb	126
Altoona Waterworks	Altoona, WI	20 of 20	1.32 ppb	7,345
Island Nursing Home	Deer Isle, ME	1 of 1	1.30 ppb	173
San Bernardino City*	San Bernardino, CA	920 of 1,651	1.20 ppb	188,931
Birch Hill Water System	Charlestown, VT	2 of 2	1.000 ppb	45
Garden City	Garden City, NY	83 of 731	0.950 ppb	46,000
Adirondack Airport Community	Saranac Lake, NY	6 of 7	0.857 ppb	90
Stratford Waterworks	Stratford, WI	4 of 4	0.725 ppb	1,651
Sugar Tree Club	Newburg, MO	1 of 2	0.710 ppb	50
Hamilton Water Department	Hamilton, MA	1 of 1	0.690 ppb	8,430
California Water Service - Livermore	Livermore, CA	229 of 375	0.663 ppb	56,700
Sunny Gables- Glenburn Housing	Glenburn, ME	2 of 2	0.610 ppb	60
Mount Baldy Homeowners Association	Mt. Baldy, CA	3 of 3	0.607 ppb	350
Town of Culpeper	Culpeper, VA	1 of 1	0.600 ppb	17,411
Woodland City Of	Woodland, WA	1 of 8	0.588 ppb	5,720
City of Chubbuck	Chubbuck, ID	1 of 1	0.520 ppb	14,125
Abbotsford Waterworks	Abbotsford, WI	8 of 8	0.505 ppb	1,956
Ausable Heights Water System	Keeseville, NY	1 of 1	0.500 ppb	46
Tainter Woods Condominiums	Colfax, WI	1 of 1	0.390 ppb	85
Fruitridge Vista Water Company	Sacramento, CA	36 of 97	0.389 ppb	15,000
Crandon Waterworks	Crandon, WI	2 of 2	0.380 ppb	1,958
California Water Service - Stockton	San Jose, CA	48 of 255	0.372 ppb	185,346
City of Fresno*	Fresno, CA	93 of 1,831	0.371 ppb	522,352
Fcsa #39 A&b	Fresno, CA	93 of 1,831	0.371 ppb	465
Rib Mountain Sanitary District	Wausau, WI	2 of 2	0.370 ppb	5,850
Colby Waterworks	Colby, WI	14 of 15	0.351 ppb	1,829
San Gabriel Valley Water Company - Fontana	Fontana, CA	379 of 1,007	0.340 ppb	213,209
Deytona	Port Angeles, WA	1 of 2	0.335 ppb	50
Foster Senior Housing Inc.	Foster, RI	3 of 5	0.324 ppb	33
Northernaire Sanitary District	Three Lakes, WI	1 of 1	0.320 ppb	300
Stage Village Mobile Home Community	Dagsboro, DE	3 of 6	0.307 ppb	93
Stromsburg, City of	Stromsburg, NE	5 of 14	0.303 ppb	1,171
Withee Waterworks*	Withee, WI	4 of 4	0.300 ppb	480
Classic Heights	Gig Harbor, WA	1 of 4	0.250 ppb	482
Okanogan Water Department City Of*	Okanogan, WA	4 of 8	0.238 ppb	2,571
Progressive Flat Water Association	Tonasket, WA	4 of 8	0.238 ppb	150
Mineola	Mineola, NY	95 of 504	0.228 ppb	20,600
Snowtree Condominium	West Dover, VT	1 of 3	0.200 ppb	302
Tenney Brook II	Ashland, NH	2 of 7	0.186 ppb	228
California Water Service (CWS) - Los Altos Suburban	San Jose, CA	2 of 116	0.165 ppb	68,404
West Hempstead WD*	West Hempstead, NY	39 of 261	0.162 ppb	33,531
Cathedral Gardens Water District	West Hempstead, NY	39 of 261	0.162 ppb	1,500
Boone County PWSD 9	Columbia, MO	1 of 10	0.141 ppb	12,200
Gardeau Water District	Castile, NY	1 of 4	0.125 ppb	60
Silver Lake Institute - Castile Water District #1	, NY	1 of 4	0.125 ppb	440
Perry Village*	, NY	1 of 4	0.125 ppb	4,348
Perry Center Water District	Perry, NY	1 of 4	0.125 ppb	150
City of Upland*	Upland, CA	4 of 39	0.107 ppb	78,791

* This water utility supplies finished drinking water to at least one other water utility. The purchasing utility is not required to test for or report Dichlorodifluoromethane, but it likely has the contaminant in its water supply.

Utility	Location	Tests	Average level	People served
California Water Service (CWS) - North Garden*	San Jose, CA	7 of 43	1.74 ppb	24,167
San Bernardino City*	San Bernardino, CA	920 of 1,651	1.20 ppb	188,931
Garden City	Garden City, NY	83 of 731	0.950 ppb	46,000
California Water Service - Livermore	Livermore, CA	229 of 375	0.663 ppb	56,700
Town of Culpeper	Culpeper, VA	1 of 1	0.600 ppb	17,411
City of Chubbuck	Chubbuck, ID	1 of 1	0.520 ppb	14,125
Fruitridge Vista Water Company	Sacramento, CA	36 of 97	0.389 ppb	15,000
California Water Service - Stockton	San Jose, CA	48 of 255	0.372 ppb	185,346
City of Fresno*	Fresno, CA	93 of 1,831	0.371 ppb	522,352
San Gabriel Valley Water Company - Fontana	Fontana, CA	379 of 1,007	0.340 ppb	213,209
Mineola	Mineola, NY	95 of 504	0.228 ppb	20,600
California Water Service (CWS) - Los Altos Suburban	San Jose, CA	2 of 116	0.165 ppb	68,404
West Hempstead WD*	West Hempstead, NY	39 of 261	0.162 ppb	33,531
Boone County PWSD 9	Columbia, MO	1 of 10	0.141 ppb	12,200
City of Upland*	Upland, CA	4 of 39	0.107 ppb	78,791
US Army Aviation and Missile Command	Redstone Arsenal, AL	2 of 13	0.0805 ppb	38,700
Franklin Public Water System*	Franklin, OH	1 of 7	0.0800 ppb	11,396
City of Anaheim	Anaheim, CA	22 of 342	0.0708 ppb	450,000
Clifton Park Water Authority*	Clifton Park, NY	2 of 32	0.0700 ppb	39,710
Hicksville WD	Hicksville, NY	88 of 1,391	0.0635 ppb	48,000
Hempstead	Hempstead, NY	37 of 497	0.0603 ppb	56,000
Roslyn WD*	Roslyn, NY	8 of 120	0.0500 ppb	18,000
City of Modesto	Modesto, CA	9 of 304	0.0484 ppb	212,000
Bourne Water District*	Pocasset, MA	1 of 44	0.0223 ppb	22,500
Sparta Twp Water Utility - Lake Mohawk	Sparta, NJ	1 of 35	0.0171 ppb	17,628
WA of Great Neck North	Great Neck, NY	17 of 871	0.0137 ppb	31,400
Wright-Patterson AFB Area B PWS	Wright Patterson Afb, OH	1 of 110	0.0115 ppb	11,034
California Water Service (CWS) - Bakersfield*	San Jose, CA	4 of 515	0.00845 ppb	246,371
California Water Service (CWS) - Visalia	San Jose, CA	6 of 569	0.00680 ppb	135,923
Franklin Square WD	Franklin Square, NY	4 of 443	0.00603 ppb	20,000
Jurupa Community Services District*	Jurupa Valley, CA	1 of 190	0.00284 ppb	106,907
South Farmingdale WD	Farmingdale, NY	1 of 639	0.00250 ppb	44,700
New York American Water - Lynbrook	Merrick, NY	2 of 974	0.00124 ppb	220,000
Cal-water Service Company - Chico	Chico, CA	1 of 765	0.000758 ppb	100,435
Jericho Water District	Syosset, NY	1 of 1,088	0.000496 ppb	58,000